Dr Mal Boyle

ADipBus, ADipHSc(Amb Off), MICA Cert, BInfoTech, MClinEpi, PhD

Senior Lecturer

Profile

Mal has been a paramedic for over 24 years with the last 19 years as a Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance (MICA) Paramedic in Victoria, primarily working in rural areas. Mal has been working in academia since 1999.

Teaching

• Evidence-based practice
• Prehospital trauma management

Research Interests

• prehospital care
• prehospital trauma care
• prehospital triage
• data linking
• prehospital workplace violence
• Attributes of undergraduate paramedics

PhD Supervision

Awards

Conference Presentation

Winner, Best Undergraduate Student Paper Award, Paramedics Australasia Conference. Sydney, Australia - 2011.

C Winship, B Williams, M Boyle. Assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale: A pilot study examining the accuracy of paramedic undergraduates.

Winner, Best Poster Presentation Award, Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Australia - 2010.

J Melvin, B Williams, M Boyle. Pre-Shock CPR: Should We Do It?.

Winner, Best Undergraduate Student Paper Award, Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Australia - 2010.

P Murcott, B Williams, A Morgans, M Boyle. Community Perceptions of the Professional Status of the Paramedic Discipline.

International Award, Prehospital Care Research Forum, EMS Today Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. - March 2010.

M Boyle and B Williams. An assessment of undergraduate paramedic students' empathy levels: attitudes to patient's medical conditions.

Winner, Best Paper Award, Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand - 2009.

M Boyle and B Williams. An assessment of undergraduate paramedic students' empathy levels: attitudes to patient's medical conditions.

Winner, Best Undergraduate Student Paper Award, Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand - 2009.

N Robertson, C Giddings, B Williams, M Boyle. When pressure is positive: a literature review of the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure.

Winner, Best Paper Award, Primary Health Care Research Evaluation and Development Conference. Shepparton, Victoria, Australia - 2007.

M Boyle and B Williams. Should undergraduate paramedic clinical placements be a ‘learning lottery?'

Winner, Best Paper Award, Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia - 2007.

Z Nehme and M Boyle. So you think you can ventilate using the self-inflating bag? Think again.

Runner-up, Best Paper Award, 911 Research Forum, AMBEX 2005, Harrogate, England - 2005

M Boyle. Is Mechanism of Injury Alone a Useful Predictor in Prehospital Trauma Triage?

Current Research Projects

• Can DVD simulations be used to promote empathic behaviours and interprofessional collaboration among undergraduate healthcare students?
• A Longitudinal Study of Undergraduate Empathy and Attitudes to Specific Medical Conditions
• Are paramedic and midwifery students exposed to workplace violence during clinical placements?
• Development of a Pilot Web-Based Interprofessional Education Site
• Are paramedic students ready for interprofessional education?

Publications (Last 5 Years)

Journal Articles - Peer Reviewed

2012

Howard S, Burgess S, Boyle M. Australian first responder programs - A review of the literature. Journal Paramedic Practice. 2012;4(1):41-46.

2011

Winship C, Williams B, Boyle MJ. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation before defibrillation in the out-of-hospital setting: a literature review. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2011. DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200080.

Boyle MJ. Trauma patients who suddenly deteriorate in the care of paramedics: an Australian case. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2011;3(11):504-512.

Brown T, Boyle M, WIlliams B, Molloy A, McKenna, Molloy E. Predictors of empathy in undergraduate health science students. Journal of Allied Health. 2011;40(3):143-149.

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, Molloy A, McKenna L, Palermo C, Molloy L. Listening and communication styles of undergraduate paramedic students. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2011;3(9):388-93.

Brown T, Boyle M, WIlliams B, Molloy A, McKenna, Molloy E. Listening and communication styles of undergraduate occupational therapy students: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2011;74(8), 387-393.

Williams B, Boyle M, Molloy A, Brightwell R, Munro G, Service M, Brown T. Undergraduate paramedic students' attitudes to elearning: findings from five university programs. Research in Learning Technology. 2011;19(2):89-100.

Flavell E and Boyle MJ.Falls in the prehospital environment - A review of the literature. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2011;3(5):238-43.

McKenna L, Boyle M, Brown T, Williams B, Molloy A, Lewis B, Molloy E. Levels of empathy in undergraduate midwifery students: An Australian cross-sectional study. Women and Birth. 2011;24(2):80-4.

Eastwood K, Boyle M, Fairhall R, Williams B. Numeracy Skills of Nursing Students. Nurse Educ Today. 2011;31(8):815-18.

Brown T, Williams B, Boyle M, Molloy A, McKenna L, Palermo C, et al. Communication styles of undergraduate health students. Nurse Educ Today. 2011;31(4):317-22.

Williams, B. Brown, T. McCook, F. Boyle, M. Palermo, C. Molloy, A. McKenna, L. Scholes, R. French, J. McCall, L. A Pilot Study Evaluating an Interprofessional Education Workshop for Undergraduate Health Care Students. J Interprof Care. 2011;25(3):215-7.

Williams, B. Lewis, B. Boyle, M. Brown, T. The impact of wireless keypads in an interprofessional education context with health science students. British Journal of Educational Technology. 2011;42(2):337-350.

2010

Brown T, Williams B, Boyle M, Molloy A, McKenna L, Palermo C, Lewis B, Molloy L. Listening styles of undergraduate health students. Education for Health. 2010;23(3).

Flavell E, Boyle MJ. Which is more effective for ventilation in the prehospital setting during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the laryngeal mask airway or the bag-valve-mask? - A review of the literature. Journal of Primary Emergency Health Care. 2010;8(3).

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, Molloy A, McKenna L, Molloy E, Lewis, B. Attitudes of undergraduate health science students towards patients with intellectual disability, substance abuse, and acute mental illness: A cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10(71).

Boyle MJ, Williams B, Bibby C, Morton A, Huggins C. The first seven years of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade emergency responder program - An overview of incidents attended. Open Access Emergency Medicine. 2010:2 77–82.

Brown T, Williams B, Boyle M, Palermo C, McKenna L, Lewis B, Molloy A. Empathy in undergraduate occupational therapy students. Occupational Therapy International. 2010;17(3):135-141.

Nehme Z, Boyle M. A pilot study to determine whether undergraduate paramedics are able to retain basic resuscitation and respiratory physiology knowledge. Journal of Primary Emergency Health Care. 2010;8(2).

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, Molloy A, McKenna L, Molloy E, Lewis, B. Levels of empathy in undergraduate health science students. Internet Journal of Medical Education. 2010;1(1).

Williams B, Boyle MJ, O'Meara P. Can undergraduate paramedic and nursing students accurately estimate patient age and weight? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2010;25(2):169-175.

Koritsas S, Coles J, Boyle M. Workplace Violence towards Social Workers: The Australian Experience. Br J Soc Work. 2010;40(1):257-71.

2009

Gutwirth H, Williams B, Boyle M.  Rescuer Fatigue in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care.2009; 7(4).

Smith G and Boyle MJ. A Cross-sectional Study of Victorian Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance Paramedics Knowledge of the Valsalva Manoeuvre. BMC Emerg Med. 2009, 9:23.

Eastwood KJ, Boyle MJ, Williams B. Paramedics’ Ability to Perform Drug Calculations. WestJEM. 2009;10:240-243.

Smith G, Boyle MJ. The 10ml syringe is useful in generating the recommended standard of 40mmHg intrathoracic pressure for the Valsalva Manoeuvre. Emerg Med Australas. 2009;21(6): 449-454.

Koritsas S, Boyle M, Coles J: Factors associated with workplace violence in paramedics. Prehosp Disaster Med 2009;24(5):417–421.

Williams B, Boyle M, O'Meara P. Can undergraduate paramedic students accurately identify lung sounds? Emerg. Med. J. 2009; 26: 580-82.

Boyle M. Comparison Overview of Prehospital Errors Involving Road Traffic Fatalities in Victoria, Australia. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009;24(3):254-61.

Michau R, Roberts S, Williams B, Boyle MJ. An investigation of theory-practice gap in undergraduate paramedic education. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9(23).

Nehme Z, Boyle M. Smaller self-inflating bags produce greater guideline consistent ventilation in simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. BMC Emerg Med. 2009;9(4).

Nehme Z, Boyle M. Accuracy of bag ventilation in simulated resuscitation. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2009;1(4):167-72.

Eastwood K, Boyle M, Williams B. BET 1. Can Paramedics Accurately Perform Drug Calculations? Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):117-a-8.

Smith G, Morgans A, Boyle M. Use of the Valsalva manoeuvre in the prehospital setting: a review of the literature. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(1):8-10.

2008

Williams B, Boyle M, Lord B. Paramedic Identification of Electrograph J-Point and ST-Segments. Prehospital Disaster Med. 2008;23(6):526-9.

Williams B, Lewis B, Boyle M, Brown T, Holt T. A survey of undergraduate health science students’ views on interprofessional education and the use of educational technology: Preliminary analyses and findings. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2008;6(4).

Boyle MJ, O'Meara P. From roadside to hospital: an investigation of the factors influencing the time taken to deliver trauma patients to a regional hospital. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2008;6(3).

Boyle MJ. The experience of linking Victorian emergency medical service trauma data. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008;8(52).

Boyle MJ, Smith EC, Archer F. Is mechanism of injury alone a useful predictor of major trauma? Injury. 2008;39(9):986-92.

Boyle M, Smith E, Archer F. A review of patients who suddenly deteriorate in the presence of paramedics. BMC Emerg Med. 2008;8(9).

Boyle M, Williams B, Cooper J, Adams B, Alford K. Ambulance clinical placements – a pilot study of students' experience. BMC Med Educ. 2008;8(19).

Nehme Z, Boyle M. Silent Myocardial Ischaemia: A Review of the Literature for Prehospital Care Providers. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2008;6(1).

Boyle M, Koritas S, Coles J. Response: Demographics of workplace violence-methodology is the key (eLetter). Emerg Med J 2008;24(11).

Boyle M, Smith E, Archer F. Trauma incidents attended by EMS in Victoria, Australia. Prehospital Disaster Med. 2008;23(1):20-8.

Williams B, Boyle M. First Year Undergraduate Emergency Health Students’ Interprofessional Learning Experiences using Interactive Wireless Keypads. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology.2008;4(1).

2007

Williams B, Boyle M. Estimation of External Blood Loss by Paramedics: Is There any Point? Prehospital Disaster Med. 2007;22(6):500-4.

Williams B, Boyle M. Can undergraduate paramedic students accurately estimate a patient’s weight? – A Short Report. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2007;5(4).

Boyle M. Is mechanism of injury alone in the prehospital setting a predictor of major trauma - a review of the literature. J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2007;1 (4).

Koritsas S, Coles J, Boyle M, Stanley J. Prevalence and predictors of occupational violence and aggression towards GPs: a cross-sectional study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57:967-70.

Boyle M, Williams B, Burgess S. Contemporary simulation education for undergraduate paramedic students. Emerg Med J. 2007;24(12):854-7.

Boyle M, Williams B. Are undergraduate paramedic students able to accurately identify breath sounds? – A Pilot Study. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2007;5(3).

Boyle M, Williams B. Are undergraduate paramedic students able to accurately estimate a patient’s age?  – a short report. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care.2007;5(3).

Boyle M, Koritsas S, Coles J, Stanley J. A pilot study of workplace violence towards paramedics. Emerg Med J 2007;24(11):760-3.

Williams B, Boyle M, Lord B. Paramedic identification of ECG J Point and ST Segments: A pilot study.  Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2007.

Coles J, Koritas S, Boyle M, Stanley J. GPs, violence and work performance - ’Just part of the job?’ Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36(3).

Peer Reviewed Conference Proceedings

2010

Boyle M, Koritsas S, Coles J. Perpetrators of violence against paramedic’s in the workplace and the paramedic’s response.  Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector - From Awareness to Sustainable Action: October 2010, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2010.

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Molloy L, Lewis B. Attitudes towards patients by undergraduate health students.  Proceedings of The 4th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics: IMSCI 2010; Orlando,  Florida, USA. 2010.

Journal Articles - Non-Peer Reviewed

2010

Smith G and Boyle M. Understanding arrhythmias - Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia in the Prehospital Setting. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2010; 1(6).

2007

Boyle M. A dramatic drop in blood pressure following prehospital GTN administration. Emerg Med J. 2007;24(3):225-6.

Invited Journal Editorials

2011

Boyle M. Fire Fighters:Why Not Part of the Team. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2011;3(7):353

Conference Presentations (Last 5 Years)

Invited Presenter

2010

Boyle M. Nanna Down and Other Falls. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Boyle M. Is it time to revise the prehospital trauma triage and trauma team activation guidelines? Prehospen 2010, Boras, Sweden. 2010.

Boyle M. Errors from preventable death studies - just the tip of the iceberg? Prehospen 2010, Boras, Sweden. 2010.

Peer Reviewed

2011

Winship C, Williams B, Boyle M. Assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale: A pilot study examining the accuracy of paramedic undergraduates. Paramedics Australasia Conference. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2011.

Abel C, Boyle M. Is the standard 4.5cm cannula long enough for a needle thoracostomy? Paramedics Australasia Conference. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2011.

Nehme Z, Boyle M, Brown T. Paramedic triage of acute coronary syndromes utilising clinical prediction models: A systematic review. Paramedics Australasia Conference. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2011.

Boyle M, Stam N, Eastwood. Mathematical ability of first year undergraduate paramedic students - A before and after study. Paramedics Australasia Conference. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2011.

Brown, T., Boyle, M., Williams, B., et al.. Predictors of empathy in undergraduate health science students. Occupational Therapy Australia 24th National Conference and Exhibition, 29 June - 1 July 2011, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. 2011.

Brown, T., Williams, B., Boyle, M., et al. Listening and communication styles of undergraduate occupational therapy students. Occupational Therapy Australia 24th National Conference and Exhibition, 29 June - 1 July 2011, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. 2011.

2010

Boyle M, Koritsas S, Coles J. Perpetrators of Violence against Paramedic's in the Workplace and the Paramedic's Response. Second International Conference on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector - From Awareness to Sustainable Actiont. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2010.

Williams B, Boyle M, Brightwell R, Devenish S, Morgans A, Munro G. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) for Paramedic Education: Results from Four Universities. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Giddings C, Robertson N, Boyle M, Williams B. Does every second count?  A literature review of the effect of ambulance response times on patient outcomes in cases of trauma. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Boyle M and Williams B. Do Mannequin Chests Provide an Accurate Representation of a Human Chest for Simulated Decompression of Tension Pneumothraces?. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Murcott P, Williams B, Morgans A, Boyle M. Community Perceptions of the Professional Status of the Paramedic Discipline. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Flavell E, Boyle M. Which is more Effective for Ventilation in the Prehospital Setting During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the Laryngeal Mask Airway or the Bag-Valve-Mask? - A Review of the Literature. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Boyle M, Williams B, Stam N. Rural Clinical Placements, are They Worth It? Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 2010.

Boyle M, Brown T, Williams B, McKenna L, Palermo C, Molloy E, Storr M. Student access to information technology for participation in new electronic education programs: A cross-sectional study. Health Professional and Health Sciences Educational Research Symposium 2010. Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. September, 2010

Boyle M, Brown T, Williams B, McKenna L, Molloy E, Lewis B. Attitudes of undergraduate health science students' towards patients with intellectual disability, substance abuse and acute mental illness: A cross-sectional study. Health Professional and Health Sciences Educational Research Symposium 2010. Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. September, 2010.

Williams B, Brown B, McCook F, French J, Palermo C, McKenna L, Molloy E, Boyle M, Scholes R, Molloy A. A pilot study evaluating an interprofessional education workshop. Health Professional and Health Sciences Educational Research Symposium 2010. Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. September, 2010.

Brown T, Boyle M, Williams B, Molloy A, Palermo C., McKenna L, Molloy E. Predictors of empathy in undergraduate health science students. Health Professional and Health Sciences Educational Research Symposium 2010. Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. September, 2010.

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Molloy L, Lewis B. Attitudes towards patients by undergraduate health students.  The 4th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics: IMSCI 2010; Orlando, Florida, USA. July 2010.

Williams, B. McCook, F. Brown, T. French, J. Palermo, C. McKenna, L. Scholes, R. Boyle, M. Dart, J. Are undergraduates ‘ready' for interprofessional learning? ANZAME National Conference, Townsville, Australia. July 2010.

Boyle M and Williams B. An Assessment of Undergraduate Paramedic Students' Empathy Levels: Attitudes to Patient's Medical Conditions. 28^th Annual EMS Today Conference. Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. March 2010.

2009

Boyle M. Is it time to change the prehospital trauma triage guidelines? Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Smith G, Boyle M. Can a syringe provide the required pressure for the Valsalva maneuvre to terminate a supraventricular tachycardia? Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Bidstrup M, Williams B, Boyle M. The accuracy of undergraduate paramedic students in taking a blood pressure - a pilot study. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Jensen S, Woodd C, Boyle M, Bibby C, Williams B, Morton A. Firefighter first responders attending cardiac arrests - a review of the ECG data. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Boyle M, Williams B. An assessment of undergraduate paramedic students' empathy levels: attitudes to patient's medical conditions. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Longridge N, Williams B, Boyle M. The kids are getting bigger, but are the weight calculation formulas keeping pace? Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Robertson N, Giddings C, Williams B, Boyle M. When pressure is positive: a literature review of the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Williams B, Boyle M, Brightwell R, Munro G, Service M, Werner S, Brown T. Undergraduate paramedic students' attitudes to e-learning. Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

Boyle M, Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Molloy E, Lewis B. Levels of empathy in undergraduate health science students. Health Professional and Health Sciences Education (HPHSE) Research Symposium, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. 2009

Boyle M, Williams B. Are mannequin chests an accurate representation of a human chest? SimTecT 2009 Health Simulation Conference. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 2009.

Boyle M, Bibby C, Williams B, Huggins C,  Morton A,  Shugg D. The Metropolitan Fire Brigade Emergency Responder Program – A Review of The First Seven Years. 7th  International Spark of Life Conference. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 2009

Boyle M. Proposal for A Radical Change To Prehospital Trauma Triage Guidelines In Victoria, Australia. Combined Australasian Trauma Society and Trauma Association of Canada Annual Scientific Meeting - TRAUMA 2009. Auckland, New Zealand. 2009.

2008

Michau R, Roberts S, Williams B, Boyle M. An Investigation of Theory-Practice Gap in Undergraduate Paramedic Education.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2008.

Eastwood K, Boyle M, Williams B. Drug Calculation Competence of Paramedic and Nursing Students.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2008.

Michau R, Boyle M, Williams B. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pain Associated with Immobilisation on a Long Ridged Spineboard.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2008.

Nehme Z, Boyle M. So you think you can ventilate using the self-inflating bag? Think again. 26^th Annual EMS Today Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2008.

2007

Williams, B. Lewis, B. Boyle, M. Holt, T. Brown, T. Can the use of Wireless Keypads Facilitate Interaction amongst Health Science Students in Interprofessional Education Contexts? e-learning symposium. RMIT, melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 2007.

Williams B, Boyle M. Should undergraduate paramedic clinical placements be a ‘learning lottery?’ Primary Health Care Research Evaluation and Development Conference.Shepparton, Victoria, Australia , 2007.

Boyle M. The nightmare of linking ambulance data with hospital and trauma datasets.  Australasian Trauma Society Conference - Trauma 2007. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2007.

Williams B, Brown T, Scholes R, French J, Archer F, Boyle M. Reducing the clinical placement burden on health services - creating a contemporary model of simulating clinical education using an innovative teaching methods.  2nd International Clinical Skills Conference. Prato, Tuscany, Italy; 2007.

Williams B, Boyle M, Lord B. Undergraduate paramedic ECG analysis of the J point and ST segments.  2nd International Clinical Skills Conference. Prato, Tuscany, Italy; 2007.

Williams B, Boyle M. Out-of-hospital estimation of external blood loss: Is there any point?  2nd International Clinical Skills Conference. Prato, Tuscany, Italy; 2007.

Nehme Z, Boyle M. Silent myocardial ischaemia – a review of the literature.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; 2007.

Nehme Z, Boyle M. So you think you can ventilate using the self-inflating bag? Think again.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; 2007.

Koritsas S, Coles J, Boyle M, Stanley J. Violence towards GPs: Prevalence and predictors.  3rd Biennial General Practice Conference. Prato, Tuscany, Italy; 2007.

Coles J, Koritsas S, Boyle M, Stanley J. Your safety in their hands - GPs and occupational violence.  Victorian Medical Women’s Society Forum. Monash University, Victoria Australia; 2007.

Boyle M. The nightmare of linking ambulance data with the state trauma registry.  Australian College of Ambulance Professionals Conference. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; 2007.